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Showing posts from February, 2020

Was this Really Sansar Chand with a Courtier? A Possible Re-identification of a Mandi Painting

Painting picture courtesy Christie's Auction House Sometimes, a painting begins to ask more questions than it answers. A late eighteenth-century painting, attributed to the Mandi school and catalogued as showing Raja Sansar Chand of Kangra with a courtier, has intrigued me for some time. At first glance, the identification appears straightforward enough. Two men sit opposite each other, smoking hookahs, while attendants stand behind them holding fly-whisks. One figure is dressed in red, the other in white. The scene is informal, almost intimate, and yet unmistakably courtly. But the more I looked at the painting, the less convinced I became that the red-clad figure was Sansar Chand. The reason came from looking at other portraits. Among the surviving paintings associated with the Mandi court are several portraits of Raja Surma Sen, who ruled Mandi from 1781 until his death in 1788. One such portrait shows him seated smoking a hookah, attended by a fly-whisk bearer. Another depicts ...

Preta Palu Tradition of the Hill Rajas

Former Royal Priest of Nepal Keshari Raj Pandey performing Katto (credit: Outlook India) When the monarch of Nepal Sri Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev had passed away intragic circumstances back in 2001, a wave of shock went across the world for the goriness and the strangeness of the incident. Subsequently the funeral rites were conducted. What followed thereafter had sent  murmurs across several groups, wondering what was going on. An interesting ritual post funeral that took place over time was taken up by the Brahmin Head Priest of the royal family. To quote the Independent story from the United Kingdom of the time.    "A Brahmin priest put on the robes of Nepal's murdered King Birendra, mounted an elephant and went into symbolic exile to rid the country of the curse of his death as the official period of mourning ended yesterday." Further explaining the 'bizarre' ritual, the Independent wrote: "The Hindu ceremony, known as  katto , ...

The Bengali Ancestry of Suket and Mandi's Sen rulers

Raja Shamsher Sen of Mandi and Raja Ranjit Sen of Suket Suket and Mandi were two states that were relatively recent in their formation like Kullu. Interestingly, the Sen rulers of Suket and subsequently Mandi is traced back to a Chandrabansi lineage, linking them to the Pandava clans that ruled around Indraprastha. While it may be difficult to postulate accurately that bit of ancestry, it is interesting to note how the ancestry moves subsequently into Bengal. It is here that our attention is drawn, captured in the history of the region and the connections with Bengal. Khemraj, who was the last ruler of Delhi, had been replaced by his Wazir. He retires towards Vanga desha, or present day Bengal and set up the Gaudiya Sena dynasty of eastern Bengal. The capital of these Sena rulers was in Lakshmanpuri, along the river Ganga. An important ruler was the last one, Lakshman Sena, which was brought to an end by the invading Muhammad Khilji in 1206 AD, despite having expanded it...

The Ballad of Raja Jagat Singh Pathania of Noorpur

Mughal Painting of Raja Jagat Singh Pathania, now at the Cleveland Museum of Art Raja Jagat Singh Pathania was believed to be the greatest ruler of Noorpur state, which today stands divided between Punjab and Himachal. A mansabdar of the Mughal forces, he had spared no occasion to seek independence from the Mughal yoke. Interestingly, he had great relations with  Nurjehan, Jahangir's wife, who interceded and sued peace despite a rebellion against Shah Jahan. It was in her honor amid a trick played on the Mughals that the original kingdom of Dhameta was renamed as Noorpur. His reign had seen the Noorpur state reach its zenith in military might and culture. However, his history is poorly documented in present times, and remains ignored barring some local scholars of Himachal Pradesh. A ballad that still survives from the historical period was documented by eminent Himachal scholar and Hindi author Dr. Gautam Sharma ‘Vyathit’. The version transcribed and translated by h...